History
The House of Patiala
by BAL ANAND
The earliest memory of a Maharaja of Patiala ingrained in my mind pertains to the period immediately after independence of India and Pakistan from the British.
Punjab was a picture of the life and limb torn apart by the wide spread communal violence in the wake of Partition of the legendary land.
My father, who had become a baptized Sikh a few weeks earlier - on 26 July at a ceremony costing Rs. 7 and 4 annas, as noted by him in the family record book called vahie - was quoting passionately to friends the speech that Maharaja Yadavindra Singh of Patiala made at a public function in the neighboring town of Mandi Ahmedgarh.
Father was profusely praising the grace and dignity and the extraordinarily tall stature of the Maharaja. He particularly described the drama how the stand of the mike (of those days) was not high enough and even the support of a stool and harmonium box could also not be of any help. Father explained how the Maharaja had taken the situation in good humor and began his speech joking that people of Mandi had never seen ‘the lamba jutt - the Tall Peasant - of Patiala’ before!
I can vividly recall what I, as a child of four, had heard my father quoting forcefully from the Maharaja’s speech, "... India and Pakistan are now two independent countries … Nawab Sahib (Mohammad Iftikhar Ali Khan of Malerkotla who, sporting a Patiala-style blue puggri, was present by his side), his forefathers and the Muslims of this area have enjoyed fraternal relations with the Sikhs and Hindus … we will provide them full protection of life and property and they will have all the rights as equal citizens of India … But those among Muslims who desire to go to Pakistan, their departure will be facilitated … and those Muslims who stay back must be loyal citizens of India … and must not entertain any secret love for Pakistan, this would neither be fair nor would be allowed …"
Father further tellingly quoted the Maharaja, "Beware of those Sikh leaders who proclaim that the panth is in danger … the Panth of the Gurus would never be in any danger … it is the pockets of greedy and corrupt leaders which face danger" (pocket was indeed registered as one of my first words of vocabulary of English).
Father remained a big fan of
Maharaja Yadavindra Singh and had led a local delegation at the Bhog
ceremony of his great hero in June 1974.
I had come to know earlier that the Maharaja of Patiala had been granted an amount of Privy
Purse of Rs 1.7 million per annum - and used to wonder how he would be
spending this amount!
My father had joined the government service as a vaidya at a salary of Rs. 88/per monthm in 1957 and my own starting salary in August 1966 as a lecturer in the DAV College, Jalandhar, according to the much mentioned UGC scales, was Rs 200+ Rs 40/ per month as D.A.! I remember that a text book of ‘Shahiriat-Civics’ prescribed in the fifth class pertained to history and administration of PEPSU ("Patiala & East Punjab States Union").
A poem titled, 'Sahib Kaur di Vaar – The Ballad of Sahib Kaur' by Mohan Singh described the bravery of the sister of the inexperienced and spoiled third ruler of Patiala who led the forces in repelling the attack by Maharattas on the kingdom in 1793. The book had a laudatory chapter about Maharaja Bhupinder Singh but students had very naughty things to whisper about him - even Khushwant Singh wouldn’t dare to print them!
Never take minds of the children for
granted about the material to be included in the lessons of the text
books! A photo or a sketch in a school book - I am talking of my school
years in the fifties of the last century - did surely leave a most
enduring imprint on young impressionable minds. A framed photo of all
the nine rulers of Patiala in the one room home of our neighbor - a
competent carpenter who, perhaps, had worked in the Palace of Patiala
for some tome - remains clearly etched in mind along with all the names.
Maharaja
Yadavindra Singh had remained a prominent personality in the public
service of independent India as the Rajpramukh of PEPSU till 1956; as
President of the Olympic Association of India; leader of Indian delegations
to the conferences of the UNO and serving as Ambassador of India to
Italy and Netherland.
I had long last the opportunity to see this magnificent man in February 1962 when he came to preside over the Annual Sports Function of the DAV College Jalandhar. To my great surprise, again adjusting of the microphone revealed the enormous difference between short statured Principal Suraj Bhan and the tall and towering Maharaja - to the wild delight of students.
We had later lined up
on the Grand Trunk Road to steal another glimpse of the smart Maharaja driving
himself his stylish Mercedes car, sporting wings of a plane!
When
I was at school, my father told me that I was born in the same
year - albeit a few months later - in which Yuvraj Amarinder Singh was
born (March 11,1942). Although my parental village was situated in the
smaller state of the Muslim Nawabs of Malerkotla, it was the grandeur
and magnificence of the Sikh rulers of Patiala which was talked about
in the family with pride and intimate emotional connection.
Our family
lore and chronicles, including the celebrated biography, in Brij Bhasha,
of the patriarch Baba Gajjan Shah (1734-1840) titled Gajjan Bilas, clearly
mention the close spiritual relationship established with Patiala
during the reign of Maharaja Sahib Singh (1781-1813). The family records
further indicate the grant of landed and urban properties to our ancestor by
rulers of Patiala and Malerkotla as well as Maharaja Ranjit Singh.
The
developments in the government and administration continued to move
fast in the first decade of independent India. The PEPSU was merged into
Punjab in 1956 during the re-organization of the states in the country.
The long drawn struggle for a Punjabi speaking state culminated in the
creation of the present truncated state in November 1966. Maharaja
Yadavindra Singh contested and won election for the first time to the Punjab
Assembly as an independent candidate in 1967, provoking a subtle satire
by Fikar Taunsavi in a column titled, 'A Maharaja versus Potato',
implying that the former ruler, like the potato among vegetables, was
ready to mingle with any party.
Meanwhile Yuvraj Amarinder Singh had been commissioned in the Indian Army in 1963 and was married on 31 October to Preneet Kaur, daughter of S. Gian Singh Kahlon, ICS. The politics of the shrunken Punjab had been assuming a new character of 'Congress versus the Rest' with Akali Dal sniffing power as a leading political force. India’s decisive victory in the Bangla Desh War in December 1971 enhanced the political prestige of Indira Gandhi and Congress regained power in Punjab with Zail Singh as Chief Minister.
Amarinder
Singh was first elected MP in 1980 from Patiala and, barring a brief
interval during the peak of the insurgency in Punjab, the Patiala seat has
been with the family.
Meanwhile, Maharaja Yadavindra Singh had
opted to remain active in the public service at the national and
international levels, attending several conferences of the UNO. He passed
away on 17 June, 1974 while posted as Ambassador of India to
Netherland.
This prince, patriot and statesman made significant contributions to many walks of national life, including education and sports. The Patiala Rajgharana must chalk out an ambitious and imaginative plan to commemorate the centenary of this many splendored ruler of the state. I, as a well wisher and admirer of the family, venture to make some suggestions:
- The
establishment in Patiala or in Bathinda (the city of the future in Punjab)
of Yadavindra International Centre on the pattern of India International
Centre, New Delhi
- The creation of Maharaja Yadavindra Singh Chair of International Relations in a premier university of Delhi/ Lahore.
- Endowing an Annual Yadavindra Memorial Lecture to be delivered in Delhi by a personality of international repute.
- Issuing of a Commemorative Postal Stamp.
- Creation of a National Award for an outstanding Diplomat/ Administrator of India . South Asia
- Publication of a high quality Commemorative volume on the Life and Times of Maharaja Yadavindra Singh.
- Naming of the road leading to the Embassy of India, the Hague, after him.
- Installing his statue near Patiala House, New Delhi.
- An exhibition of his personal artifacts/ documents, photographs, etc.
- All Yadvindra Public Schools to organize year long-festivities/cultural programs.
There could be more ideas and input by persons who had the privilege of working with the late Maharaja.Captain Amarinder Singh, who belongs to my generation, should now be considered to be at the peak of his career in public life. I recall how I had the pleasure of meeting him for the first time in 1976 when he came to Tehran with a dream-team of agricultural experts. He wanted to negotiate a deal for a king size farm to be developed as a model for an agricultural revolution in the oil rich Iran. Those were the days of heady success stories of Punjab. Time in Iran had, however, become pregnant with another brand of revolution.
I was told one of the most astonishing and baffling stories in the palatial house in Tehran belonging to S. Rattan Singh Rangi, located in the vicinity of the Saadabad Palace of the Shahanshah. He was a respected businessman with family links with Patiala. I forget who the narrator was but the story ran as follows:
When I was born thirty years later in a mud home in an obscure village of his kingdom, situated at a distance of 52 km from Patiala, no astrologers were summoned to predict my future: that I too would be destined to do exactly the same job in the far off lands as one of their tribe had predicted with trepidation, in a trembling voice, for Maharaja Yadavindra Singh, soon after his birth in the Moti Bagh, one of largest palaces in the world!
Conversation about this article
1: Pritam Singh Grewal (Canada), July 23, 2011, 12:12 AM.
I enjoyed reading Mr.Bal Anand's timely and telling account of "The House of Patiala". It revives my memory of another visit by the Tall Peasant of Patiala to a gathering of about five thousand people listening to his speech at Gurdwara Tahli Sahib near village Jodhan (Ludhiana, Punjab) just after the tragic painful partition of Punjab in 1947. I think Bhai Randhir Singh ji, the well-known mystic and freedom fighter, chaired the reception committee of that conference.
2: Harinder (Uttar Pradesh, India), July 23, 2011, 7:35 AM.
It is time for Sikhs to stop living in history and to begin making history!
3: Shera Singh Sekhon (Chicago, Illinois, USA), October 13, 2014, 12:02 AM.
We are proud of Mr. Bal Anand's account of Patiala. We wish him the best and welcome him to our restaurant in Chicago: Sher-e-Punjab.